Conditions

If

The if keyword is used to make conditional statements. Just like the word in the English language, if a condition is true, then something happens. Let’s take a look at this code snippet

local x = 10;
if (x > 5) {
    print("Bigger than 5")
}
// Output: Bigger than 5

Elseif

If statements can be chained together with the elseif keyword. These are executed sequentially

local x = 5;
if (x > 10) {
    print("Bigger than 10")
} elseif (x > 5) {
    print("Bigger than 5")
} else if (x > 0) {
    print("Bigger than 0")
}
// Output: Bigger than 0

Else

The else keyword if another conditional statement. The else statement will only execute if the if or elseif conditions were not met.

local x = 0;
if (x > 0) {
    print("Positive")
} elseif (x < 0) {
    print("Negative")
} else {
    print("Zero")
}
// Output: Zero

Switch

A switch statement is useful when you want to compare a single value against many possible options. Instead of writing a long chain of if and elseif checks, a switch lets you organize the conditions more clearly and makes your code easier to read.

local weather = "Rain"
switch (weather) {
    case "Sunny":
        print("Wear sunglasses.")
        break;
    case "Rain":
        print("Take an umbrella.")
        break;
    case "Snow":
        print("Wear a warm coat.")
        break;
    default:
        print("Check the forecast.")
        break;
}
// Output: Take an umbrella

As seen in the example, the switch also has some extra keywords available

Keyword	Description
case	Possible value to compare against
break	Stops the switch after a matching case runs
default	Runs if no case matches

Ternary conditional operator

The ternary conditional operator ?: is a short way to write a simple if-else expression. It checks a condition:

• If the condition is true, it returns the first value
• If the condition is false, it returns the second value

local age = 17;
local access = age >= 18 ? "Allowed" : "Denied"; // Denied

// Without the ternary condition you would have
local age = 17;
local access;
if (age >= 18) {
    access = true;
} else {
    access = false;
}

Use the ternary operator when you want to keep simple conditions short and readable.